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baby travel systems wiki image
Noah Benja
(I'm 13 weeks pregnant.)
Ok.. I guess I have a cold sore, but I didn't know it until today... I had a bump on my lip yesterday, but I thought it was just a pimple growing on my lip.. Now it's quite obviously a cold sore. I gave my boyfriend oral sex yesterday and now I'm worried that he'll get genital herpes from it. How likely is this to happen? Also, can the cold sore affect my unborn baby?
Answer
First, you have to understand there are several types of herpesviruses, namely HSV-1 and 2. HSV-1 was more commonly associated with the 'waist up' while HSV-2 was traditionally seen from the 'waist down.' If your boyfriend is seronegative for HSV-1 (that is, he has no antibodies for it), it is possible that he could contract HSV-1 on his genitals. Hopefully, he washed himself after receiving oral sex; that can greatly reduce the liklihood of transmission. As far as your baby, since you most likely already have HSV-1 you are seropositive for it (that is, you have antibodies for it) and you will pass these antibodies to your baby through the placenta. It runs a 1-3% chance of becoming infected with HSV-1. So, because you already have it and have developed an immune response, you will transfer this to your baby and it will probably be safe. Concerning your boyfriend, if he has had cold sores in the past or is sero-positive for HSV-1 as well, it's very well possible that he could be protected too, as people seropositive with HSV-1 on the mouth should not be able to contract HSV-1 on their genitals.
I'm sure you know that once you have the herpesvirus, you're stuck with it forever. This is true for all the herpesviruses, and there are many of them that exist. Many herpesviruses in animals cause respiratory diseases that will come and go, but never be cleared from the animal. This is because the virus resides in your nervous system, and the immune system has no access to it here. It will lie dormant for the the majority of the time, but during times of stress you may develop a papule. Often times, the papule will develop in the same spot as the virus will travel down the same nerve to reinfect at the same spot.
If you would like to read more information on this, a simple wiki passage can also tell you a lot:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_simplex
I am a microbiologist and work with viruses and bacteria, not a medical doctor, so don't take my advice and accept it as the end-all be-all. Since you are in a very sensitive situation here being pregnant and all, it is very important for you to talk to your doctor and get any recommendations from him. Just remember many, many people have cold sores. I would try not getting too worked up over this. I believe the statistic is 1 in 4 females are positive for some herpesvirus.
First, you have to understand there are several types of herpesviruses, namely HSV-1 and 2. HSV-1 was more commonly associated with the 'waist up' while HSV-2 was traditionally seen from the 'waist down.' If your boyfriend is seronegative for HSV-1 (that is, he has no antibodies for it), it is possible that he could contract HSV-1 on his genitals. Hopefully, he washed himself after receiving oral sex; that can greatly reduce the liklihood of transmission. As far as your baby, since you most likely already have HSV-1 you are seropositive for it (that is, you have antibodies for it) and you will pass these antibodies to your baby through the placenta. It runs a 1-3% chance of becoming infected with HSV-1. So, because you already have it and have developed an immune response, you will transfer this to your baby and it will probably be safe. Concerning your boyfriend, if he has had cold sores in the past or is sero-positive for HSV-1 as well, it's very well possible that he could be protected too, as people seropositive with HSV-1 on the mouth should not be able to contract HSV-1 on their genitals.
I'm sure you know that once you have the herpesvirus, you're stuck with it forever. This is true for all the herpesviruses, and there are many of them that exist. Many herpesviruses in animals cause respiratory diseases that will come and go, but never be cleared from the animal. This is because the virus resides in your nervous system, and the immune system has no access to it here. It will lie dormant for the the majority of the time, but during times of stress you may develop a papule. Often times, the papule will develop in the same spot as the virus will travel down the same nerve to reinfect at the same spot.
If you would like to read more information on this, a simple wiki passage can also tell you a lot:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_simplex
I am a microbiologist and work with viruses and bacteria, not a medical doctor, so don't take my advice and accept it as the end-all be-all. Since you are in a very sensitive situation here being pregnant and all, it is very important for you to talk to your doctor and get any recommendations from him. Just remember many, many people have cold sores. I would try not getting too worked up over this. I believe the statistic is 1 in 4 females are positive for some herpesvirus.
Good books for the ages 16-20?
LST
I enjoy reading and I was wondering what books I should read.
thanks.
Answer
His Dark Materials by Philip Pullman
http://www.philip-pullman.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=36
Lyra and Will, children from different worlds, share two common bonds, the loss of parents and the possession of objects which give them unique access to knowledge. One is an object which communicates truth about any situation to any person wise enough to be able to read it and the other an instrument which can cut open windows to other worlds.
Inheritance series by Christopher Paolini
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inheritance_cycle#Synopsis
Fifteen year-old Eragon discovers his destiny as a Dragon Rider. With only an ancient sword and the advice of an old storyteller for guidance, Eragon and his dragon must navigate the dangerous terrain and dark enemies of an Empire ruled by a king whose evil knows no bounds.
Xanth Series by Piers Anthony
http://www.amazon.com/Xanth-nbsp-Series/lm/RDF5340JWQCTW/ref=cm_srch_res_rpli_alt_3
Fun series full of fantastic creatures, a unique parallel world and a magic system based on puns. Yes I said puns! These are a light read and funny as heck (by the rules of the Adult Conspiracy if I say the other word really bad things will happen.) Anthony has taken puns sent to him over the years by readers and woven them into a tongue in cheek universe where babies are actually delivered by storks and children are kept innocent at all costs. Fun reads.
Dragon Riders of Pern by Anne Mcaffery
http://www.iblist.com/series130.htm
Anne Mcaffery is one of those authors whose books just leave you feeling good once you read the last page. While a combination of Sci-fi and Fantasy (the argument continues about which one it is) they sit on my fantasy shelf. Anyone who has ever dreamed of riding a dragon should read these.
The Belgariad (5), The Malloreon(5), The Elenium (3), The Tamuli(3) by David and Leigh Eddings
http://www.eddingschronicles.com/index.html
I can't say enough good about these books. They are full of rich content, fantastic worldbuilding and plenty of sorcery. One of my biggest draws is the humor, the interaction between characters can be side splitting at times. They are rift with dry wit, affectionate banter and personal quirks. My favorite books hands down.
Mists of Avalon by Marion Zimmer Bradley
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mists_of_Avalon
I've always loved her writing, even her Sci-fi books and I'm not a huge Sci-fi fan. In this book she gives a feminist light on the Celtic era where Merlin reigned supreme. In a topic that has been done to death, somehow she manages to make it all fresh and new, and a great read. there are more books in this series that she wrote with Diane L. Paxton including a prequel called Forest House.
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams and the sequels.
http://books.google.com/books?as_auth=Douglas+Adams&sa=X&oi=print&ct=title&cad=author-navigational&hl=en
These books are a riot and considered a Sci-fi classic. If you want space travel with a heavy dose of irony and humor I suggest these.
Darkover series by Marion Zimmer Bradley
http://mzbworks.home.att.net/works.htm#darkover
This is a huge series that can be read in any order since each was written to be a stand alone novel.
Darkover is a planet that is in a state of permanent Ice Age. The ruling class or Comyn, possess different types of Laran which are psychic powers. There are several unique cultures and alien races. Great reads.
Forgotten Realms books by R. A. Salvatore
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forgotten_Realms
There is no easy way to summarize these books, the scope is just too large. Best I can do is say they are full of adventure, elves, magic, and alternate worlds. Once you start reading these you will find yourself hooked.
Valdemar series by Mercedes Lackey
http://www.mercedeslackey.com/biblio_series.html
This is a large collection and every book in it is excellent. The concept of being *chosen* by a companion, which is essentially a telepathic horse with amazing powers, is delightful. Once chosen you become one of the elite heralds, protectors of the realm. Start with Arrows of the Queen.
The Wheel of Time (11 in print, 12th book to be written by Brandon Sanderson) by Robert Jordan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wheel_of_Time
This huge sage takes place in a medievil type world where magic is called the One Power and can only be used by women. Men who are born with this ability are fated to go insane, if they live that long as once found are usually killed first. The saga centers around one man who, born with the One Power, is fated to save the world, while trying to save himself from insanity. The first book takes off slow as the extensive worldbuilding begins to take shape but once you get past that part you will never regret it.
The Chronicles of Thomas Covenant, the Unbeliever by Stephen R. Donaldson (1 and 2)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Covenant
Thomas Covenant is a leper, outcast and misunderstood his disease makes everybody treat him with fear and mistrust. As a result he lives alone, shunning all human contact as much as possible. When he is suddenly transported to a world where he is healthy, where health is a very tangible force, he refuses to believe, afraid that if he does he'll cease to focus on the rituals that keep him alive. This series had a profound effect on me. The angst of Thomas Covenant, the force with which he refused to believe what was happening to him, the tragic events that have shaped his life were all heart wrenching. The first 6 books definitely changed how I looked at things, both inside and outside of myself. (Note I don't care for the new ones written recently, long after the first 2 sets, but thats me.)
Bone Doll's Twin, Hidden Warrior, Oracle's Queen (Tamir Trilogy) by Lynn Flewelling
http://www.amazon.com/s/?ie=UTF8&keywords=tamir+trilogy&tag=googhydr-20&index=stripbooks&hvadid=1155787541&ref=pd_sl_80btvzk9eq_e
In this story the boy twin is killed at birth and its body imprinted onto the girl twin in order that one day the girl could rule the kingdom (prophecy involved). Something goes wrong and the boy twin ends up haunting his sister (who doesn't even know she is a girl). This book is a really well crafted mix of ghost story (plenty of those), coming of age, with a twist and traditional fantasy with magic, warriors, witches and of course a well hated villain or 2.
A Song of Ice and Fire Series (4 in print, 3 planned) by George R. R. Martin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire
A ruthless story about a ruthless world where harsh winterlike conditions make for harsh and gritty characters. This series has all the typical elements of sword and sorcery; wars, prophecy, dragons (later in the series), invading creatures from another land, treason, betrayal, love, death and loyality. Martin tells this tale from the viewpoint of many different characters, each bringing a unique perspective on the unforgiving land in which they live. This series is rift with sex and violence and I do not recommend for younger teens.
Pre-history (meaning times before recorded history)
Jean M. Auel's series Earth's Children.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Earth%27s_Children
This is a series of historical fiction based on archaeological and paleontological research. The magic in these is shamanic based and they are good reads.
The People's books by Kathleen O'Neal Gear and W. Michael Gear
http://www.tor.com/Gears/index.html
Prehistoric North America based on archaeological and paleontological research.These are fictional stories based on what the authors imagine things were like but also based on evidence collected at actual archaeological sites. Each book covers a different site and a different tribal culture.
His Dark Materials by Philip Pullman
http://www.philip-pullman.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=36
Lyra and Will, children from different worlds, share two common bonds, the loss of parents and the possession of objects which give them unique access to knowledge. One is an object which communicates truth about any situation to any person wise enough to be able to read it and the other an instrument which can cut open windows to other worlds.
Inheritance series by Christopher Paolini
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inheritance_cycle#Synopsis
Fifteen year-old Eragon discovers his destiny as a Dragon Rider. With only an ancient sword and the advice of an old storyteller for guidance, Eragon and his dragon must navigate the dangerous terrain and dark enemies of an Empire ruled by a king whose evil knows no bounds.
Xanth Series by Piers Anthony
http://www.amazon.com/Xanth-nbsp-Series/lm/RDF5340JWQCTW/ref=cm_srch_res_rpli_alt_3
Fun series full of fantastic creatures, a unique parallel world and a magic system based on puns. Yes I said puns! These are a light read and funny as heck (by the rules of the Adult Conspiracy if I say the other word really bad things will happen.) Anthony has taken puns sent to him over the years by readers and woven them into a tongue in cheek universe where babies are actually delivered by storks and children are kept innocent at all costs. Fun reads.
Dragon Riders of Pern by Anne Mcaffery
http://www.iblist.com/series130.htm
Anne Mcaffery is one of those authors whose books just leave you feeling good once you read the last page. While a combination of Sci-fi and Fantasy (the argument continues about which one it is) they sit on my fantasy shelf. Anyone who has ever dreamed of riding a dragon should read these.
The Belgariad (5), The Malloreon(5), The Elenium (3), The Tamuli(3) by David and Leigh Eddings
http://www.eddingschronicles.com/index.html
I can't say enough good about these books. They are full of rich content, fantastic worldbuilding and plenty of sorcery. One of my biggest draws is the humor, the interaction between characters can be side splitting at times. They are rift with dry wit, affectionate banter and personal quirks. My favorite books hands down.
Mists of Avalon by Marion Zimmer Bradley
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mists_of_Avalon
I've always loved her writing, even her Sci-fi books and I'm not a huge Sci-fi fan. In this book she gives a feminist light on the Celtic era where Merlin reigned supreme. In a topic that has been done to death, somehow she manages to make it all fresh and new, and a great read. there are more books in this series that she wrote with Diane L. Paxton including a prequel called Forest House.
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams and the sequels.
http://books.google.com/books?as_auth=Douglas+Adams&sa=X&oi=print&ct=title&cad=author-navigational&hl=en
These books are a riot and considered a Sci-fi classic. If you want space travel with a heavy dose of irony and humor I suggest these.
Darkover series by Marion Zimmer Bradley
http://mzbworks.home.att.net/works.htm#darkover
This is a huge series that can be read in any order since each was written to be a stand alone novel.
Darkover is a planet that is in a state of permanent Ice Age. The ruling class or Comyn, possess different types of Laran which are psychic powers. There are several unique cultures and alien races. Great reads.
Forgotten Realms books by R. A. Salvatore
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forgotten_Realms
There is no easy way to summarize these books, the scope is just too large. Best I can do is say they are full of adventure, elves, magic, and alternate worlds. Once you start reading these you will find yourself hooked.
Valdemar series by Mercedes Lackey
http://www.mercedeslackey.com/biblio_series.html
This is a large collection and every book in it is excellent. The concept of being *chosen* by a companion, which is essentially a telepathic horse with amazing powers, is delightful. Once chosen you become one of the elite heralds, protectors of the realm. Start with Arrows of the Queen.
The Wheel of Time (11 in print, 12th book to be written by Brandon Sanderson) by Robert Jordan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wheel_of_Time
This huge sage takes place in a medievil type world where magic is called the One Power and can only be used by women. Men who are born with this ability are fated to go insane, if they live that long as once found are usually killed first. The saga centers around one man who, born with the One Power, is fated to save the world, while trying to save himself from insanity. The first book takes off slow as the extensive worldbuilding begins to take shape but once you get past that part you will never regret it.
The Chronicles of Thomas Covenant, the Unbeliever by Stephen R. Donaldson (1 and 2)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Covenant
Thomas Covenant is a leper, outcast and misunderstood his disease makes everybody treat him with fear and mistrust. As a result he lives alone, shunning all human contact as much as possible. When he is suddenly transported to a world where he is healthy, where health is a very tangible force, he refuses to believe, afraid that if he does he'll cease to focus on the rituals that keep him alive. This series had a profound effect on me. The angst of Thomas Covenant, the force with which he refused to believe what was happening to him, the tragic events that have shaped his life were all heart wrenching. The first 6 books definitely changed how I looked at things, both inside and outside of myself. (Note I don't care for the new ones written recently, long after the first 2 sets, but thats me.)
Bone Doll's Twin, Hidden Warrior, Oracle's Queen (Tamir Trilogy) by Lynn Flewelling
http://www.amazon.com/s/?ie=UTF8&keywords=tamir+trilogy&tag=googhydr-20&index=stripbooks&hvadid=1155787541&ref=pd_sl_80btvzk9eq_e
In this story the boy twin is killed at birth and its body imprinted onto the girl twin in order that one day the girl could rule the kingdom (prophecy involved). Something goes wrong and the boy twin ends up haunting his sister (who doesn't even know she is a girl). This book is a really well crafted mix of ghost story (plenty of those), coming of age, with a twist and traditional fantasy with magic, warriors, witches and of course a well hated villain or 2.
A Song of Ice and Fire Series (4 in print, 3 planned) by George R. R. Martin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire
A ruthless story about a ruthless world where harsh winterlike conditions make for harsh and gritty characters. This series has all the typical elements of sword and sorcery; wars, prophecy, dragons (later in the series), invading creatures from another land, treason, betrayal, love, death and loyality. Martin tells this tale from the viewpoint of many different characters, each bringing a unique perspective on the unforgiving land in which they live. This series is rift with sex and violence and I do not recommend for younger teens.
Pre-history (meaning times before recorded history)
Jean M. Auel's series Earth's Children.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Earth%27s_Children
This is a series of historical fiction based on archaeological and paleontological research. The magic in these is shamanic based and they are good reads.
The People's books by Kathleen O'Neal Gear and W. Michael Gear
http://www.tor.com/Gears/index.html
Prehistoric North America based on archaeological and paleontological research.These are fictional stories based on what the authors imagine things were like but also based on evidence collected at actual archaeological sites. Each book covers a different site and a different tribal culture.
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